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Pink Ballerina: A Dialogue With the Eternal

Form Case Study: Balloon Dog

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Meet Your Instructor: David Carson

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Meet Your Instructor: Futura

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Turn Everyday Objects Into Art

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Frank's Inspiration

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From Good to Great

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Student Session: Catherine

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Jimmy Chin Teaches Adventure Photography

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Karla Welch Teaches Building and Owning Your Personal Style

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RuPaul Teaches Self-Expression and Authenticity

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David Carson

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Laura Kim & Fernando Garcia

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A Documentary by Artist JR

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Robert Reffkin

Robert Reffkin Teaches Buying and Selling Real Estate

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Will Wright Teaches Game Design and Theory

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Naomi Campbell

Naomi Campbell Teaches Modeling Fundamentals

The Greatest of All Time

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Es Devlin

Teaches Turning Ideas Into Art

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Tan France

Tan France Teaches Style for Everyone

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Anna Wintour

Anna Wintour Teaches Creativity and Leadership

Teaches Makeup and Beauty

Bobbi Brown

Bobbi Brown Teaches Makeup and Beauty

Corey Damen Jenkins

Minimalist architecture is a form of building design that prioritize sparseness and utility. Architects of this school believe ornamentation of almost any type is a form of overkill. Instead, they strive to design family homes, museums, skyscrapers, and other types of buildings based on basic geometry, open-plan spaces, and simplicity.
Minimalist architecture borrows as much from long-standing ancient traditions as it does from modernism and other more contemporary movements. 

It patterns itself in part on the ideas underlying Japanese Zen philosophy, particularly the concept of [wabi-sabi](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/wabi-sabi) (or the beauty of impermanence and emptiness). The Scandinavian concept of [hygge](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/hygge-decor-guide) also informs certain buildings, wherein architects pair the sparseness of the overall design with cozy, comforting, and utilitarian elements.

The minimalist emphasis on basic geometry derives from the [Bauhaus](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/bauhaus-architecture-explained) art and architecture common throughout Weimar Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. Cubist and De Stijl design also had a major impact on minimalism. Minimal architecture took off in popularity toward the latter half of the twentieth century in particular.
<a href='https://masterclass.com/articles/how-to-use-minimalist-interior-design-to-simplify-your-home' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://masterclass.com/articles/how-to-use-minimalist-interior-design-to-simplify-your-home","linkCopy":"Minimalist design","category":"automated-link"}' automatic='true'>Minimalist design</a> revolves around cultivating simplicity on all possible fronts. Here are a few key characteristics of the architectural style:

- __Emphasis on utility__: Minimalist building design and home design revolve around the idea that you can remove everything without a specific purpose. This leaves architects with just the bare essentials—a building’s ability to provide shelter as well as its conduciveness to happy human habitation. As such, each element of minimalist architecture generally fulfills a utilitarian function or purpose.
- __Lack of ornamentation__: The exteriors of minimalist houses are generally flat and use few materials. Some have walls made of the same type of stone, whereas others use glass in an attempt to reduce the need for both walls and windows. Minimalist interior design elements are also sparse. While minimalist houses and buildings still have some elements of internal decoration, they often are as utilitarian or basic as the overall architecture of the enclosing space.
- __Open space__: Minimalist architects foreground empty space and [open floor plans](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/open-floor-plans-explained) as much as possible. Expect open-plan living rooms to give way to bedrooms and kitchens. Wide windows and skylights allow natural light to stream into these spaces. This relates to some of the core characteristics of midcentury-[modern architecture](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/modern-architecture) as well.
- __Simple geometric forms__: Minimal architecture almost always possesses clean lines in every facet, both inside and out. Basic shapes are the order of the day. Roofs are often flat, interiors focus on simple geometric forms, and straight lines lay the basis for almost every other element of design.
You can see minimalist buildings all throughout the world. Consider these elegant yet simple designs built in the minimalist style:

1. __Barcelona Pavilion__: Housed in the capital of Spain, the Barcelona Pavilion combines an open-space interior, a flat roof, and tall windows to create a minimalist masterpiece. It gives way to a courtyard with a symmetrical manmade pond to further solidify its aesthetic effect. Its architect, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, coined the phrase “less is more” that would go on to inspire minimalist architects for decades.
2. __Casa Luis Barragán__: Utilizing simple materials and even simpler design, this Mexican building has an exterior of different-colored stone walls and an interior notable for its baseless stairwells. It served as both the studio and home for acclaimed architect Luis Barragán.
3. __Chichu Art Museum__: Located on Japan’s Naoshima Island, the Chichu Art Museum takes minimalism to an even higher level. Architect Tadao Ando dug into the earth so he could build walls into the ground. There are no roofs to most of the structures either.
4. __Small House__: A Japanese businessman built this unorthodox house in Tokyo. Proving minimalist buildings can serve as living spaces, too, the “Small House” might be an atypical home, but it checks all the boxes for both habitation and minimalist design.
5. __St. Moritz Church__: Minimalist architect John Pawson traveled from his birthplace of Britain to Switzerland to build this open and simple church that receives plenty of natural light. Pawson hoped to convey a sense of the sacred through the use of near-total simplicity.
Get the [MasterClass Annual Membership](https://www.masterclass.com/) for exclusive access to video lessons taught by the world’s best, including Frank Gehry, Will Wright, Annie Leibovitz, Kelly Wearstler, Ron Finley, and more.
Minimalist architectural design emphasizes simplicity and openness over style and ornamentation. These basic buildings draw on the philosophy of Zen as well as geometrically focused art movements of the past for inspiration. Learn more about minimalist architecture and its innate characteristics.

Minimalist architectural design emphasizes simplicity and openness over style and ornamentation. These basic buildings draw on the philosophy of Zen as well as geometrically focused art movements of the past for inspiration. Learn more about minimalist architecture and its innate characteristics.

Minimalist Architecture: 5 Examples of Minimalist-Style Buildings

Minimalist architecture is a form of building design that prioritize sparseness and utility. Architects of this school believe ornamentation of almost any type is a form of overkill. Instead, they strive to design family homes, museums, skyscrapers, and other types of buildings based on basic geometry, open-plan spaces, and simplicity.

What Is Minimalist Architecture?

Minimalist architecture borrows as much from long-standing ancient traditions as it does from modernism and other more contemporary movements. It patterns itself in part on the ideas underlying Japanese Zen philosophy, particularly the concept of <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/wabi-sabi' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/wabi-sabi","linkCopy":"wabi-sabi","category":null}'>wabi-sabi</a> (or the beauty of impermanence and emptiness). The Scandinavian concept of <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/hygge-decor-guide' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/hygge-decor-guide","linkCopy":"hygge","category":null}'>hygge</a> also informs certain buildings, wherein architects pair the sparseness of the overall design with cozy, comforting, and utilitarian elements.The minimalist emphasis on basic geometry derives from the <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/bauhaus-architecture-explained' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/bauhaus-architecture-explained","linkCopy":"Bauhaus","category":null}'>Bauhaus</a> art and architecture common throughout Weimar Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. Cubist and De Stijl design also had a major impact on minimalism. Minimal architecture took off in popularity toward the latter half of the twentieth century in particular.

Origins of Minimalist Architecture

<a href='https://masterclass.com/articles/how-to-use-minimalist-interior-design-to-simplify-your-home' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://masterclass.com/articles/how-to-use-minimalist-interior-design-to-simplify-your-home","linkCopy":"Minimalist design","category":"automated-link"}' automatic='true'>Minimalist design</a> revolves around cultivating simplicity on all possible fronts. Here are a few key characteristics of the architectural style:<ul class="mc-m-4 list-styled"><li class="">Emphasis on utility: Minimalist building design and home design revolve around the idea that you can remove everything without a specific purpose. This leaves architects with just the bare essentials—a building’s ability to provide shelter as well as its conduciveness to happy human habitation. As such, each element of minimalist architecture generally fulfills a utilitarian function or purpose. </li><li class="">Lack of ornamentation: The exteriors of minimalist houses are generally flat and use few materials. Some have walls made of the same type of stone, whereas others use glass in an attempt to reduce the need for both walls and windows. Minimalist interior design elements are also sparse. While minimalist houses and buildings still have some elements of internal decoration, they often are as utilitarian or basic as the overall architecture of the enclosing space. </li><li class="">Open space: Minimalist architects foreground empty space and <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/open-floor-plans-explained' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/open-floor-plans-explained","linkCopy":"open floor plans","category":null}'>open floor plans</a> as much as possible. Expect open-plan living rooms to give way to bedrooms and kitchens. Wide windows and skylights allow natural light to stream into these spaces. This relates to some of the core characteristics of midcentury-<a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/modern-architecture' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/modern-architecture","linkCopy":"modern architecture","category":null}'>modern architecture</a> as well. </li><li class="">Simple geometric forms: Minimal architecture almost always possesses clean lines in every facet, both inside and out. Basic shapes are the order of the day. Roofs are often flat, interiors focus on simple geometric forms, and straight lines lay the basis for almost every other element of design. </li></ul>

Characteristics of Minimalist Architecture

You can see minimalist buildings all throughout the world. Consider these elegant yet simple designs built in the minimalist style:<ol class="mc-m-4"><li class="mc-my-4"> 1. Barcelona Pavilion: Housed in the capital of Spain, the Barcelona Pavilion combines an open-space interior, a flat roof, and tall windows to create a minimalist masterpiece. It gives way to a courtyard with a symmetrical manmade pond to further solidify its aesthetic effect. Its architect, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, coined the phrase “less is more” that would go on to inspire minimalist architects for decades. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 2. Casa Luis Barragán: Utilizing simple materials and even simpler design, this Mexican building has an exterior of different-colored stone walls and an interior notable for its baseless stairwells. It served as both the studio and home for acclaimed architect Luis Barragán. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 3. Chichu Art Museum: Located on Japan’s Naoshima Island, the Chichu Art Museum takes minimalism to an even higher level. Architect Tadao Ando dug into the earth so he could build walls into the ground. There are no roofs to most of the structures either. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 4. Small House: A Japanese businessman built this unorthodox house in Tokyo. Proving minimalist buildings can serve as living spaces, too, the “Small House” might be an atypical home, but it checks all the boxes for both habitation and minimalist design. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 5. St. Moritz Church: Minimalist architect John Pawson traveled from his birthplace of Britain to Switzerland to build this open and simple church that receives plenty of natural light. Pawson hoped to convey a sense of the sacred through the use of near-total simplicity. </li></ol>

5 Notable Examples of Minimalist Architecture

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Learn More

Minimalist architectural design emphasizes simplicity and openness over style and ornamentation. These basic buildings draw on the philosophy of Zen as well as geometrically focused art movements of the past for inspiration. Learn more about minimalist architecture and its innate characteristics.

Minimalist architectural design emphasizes simplicity and openness over style and ornamentation. These basic buildings draw on the philosophy of Zen as well as geometrically focused art movements of the past for inspiration. Learn more about minimalist architecture and its innate characteristics.


Small house designed with minimalist architecture.

minimalist-architecture

Self-expression is the process of engaging in activities you believe exemplify your innermost thoughts, feelings, and desires. If you look in a thesaurus, synonyms for self-expression include concepts like [creativity](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-improve-creativity) or imagination. In its purest essence, self-expression is [self-awareness](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-self-awareness) in action. 

As a unique individual, your own personal definition of self-expression might differ from just about everyone else’s. For one person, it might look like [journaling](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/joyce-carol-oates-on-the-importance-of-journaling) and singing along to their favorite songs. For another, it might look like making a meal from scratch and doing [stand-up comedy](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-stand-up-comedy-in-6-easy-steps) at a local open mic night. This is just one of the beauties of self-expression: It’s always individualized.
The importance of self-expression lies in its ability to effect self-discovery. To know yourself, you need to try new things. As you express yourself through these activities, you will realize you have self-existent and innate talents you might have never discovered had you avoided getting out of your comfort zone. Additionally, if you don’t express yourself, it can take a major toll on your [mental health](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-mental-health) and sense of overall wellness.
There are limitless ways to express who you are. Here are just five key forms of self-expression you can consider:

1. __Art__: Whether you paint, sketch, or sculpt, art can be an amazing medium in which to express yourself. It’s one of the earliest means of self-expression known to humankind. Stretching back to the days of cave paintings, human beings have made making pictures of the world around them a formative part of their identities.
2. __Fashion__: The clothes you wear can help express your inner self. People use their fashion sense to announce who they are and what they like. Think of how often you can guess the sort of music a person listens to just by the clothes they’re wearing. Fashion is one of the foremost forms of freedom of expression. Some people go one step further and begin designing their own clothes or embark on a career as a full-fledged [fashion designer](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-become-a-fashion-designer).
3. __Music__: Playing an instrument or singing is a great opportunity to express yourself. Songs allow people to wed poetry with melody, announcing who they are, what they believe, and what they’ve experienced. You don’t even have to learn how to play music to express yourself through it. By listening to your favorite bands and artists, you relate to their own self-expression and come to a better understanding of yourself, too.
4. __Theater__: Whether you’re on Broadway in New York or on stage at your local community theater, theatrical performances can help you express yourself by taking on the role of another person. [Acting](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/samuel-l-jacksons-acting-tips) is the process of using your own experience to depict that of another human being—your own self informs the character. Other forms of [public speaking](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/robin-robertss-tips-for-public-speaking) and performance can help you build confidence and express yourself, too.
5. __Writing__: Putting pen to paper or typing words on your screen will help you achieve a great deal of personal growth. Maybe you’ll find solace in writing [blog posts](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-a-blog-post) about your everyday life. Perhaps you’ll enjoy writing [fiction](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/rules-for-writing-fiction) or [poetry](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-a-poem). Writing can be one of the best ways to express who you are.
Learning to express yourself will make your life richer and more fulfilling. Keep these tips in mind as you develop self-expression skills of your own:

- __Develop self-confidence__. As you learn to express yourself, you’ll also begin to build up your [self-esteem](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/self-esteem). The same proves true in reverse, too. Go against the grain and let go of societal expectations. Get out of your comfort zone and challenge yourself. 
- __Say what you mean__. Authentic self-expression requires honesty. No matter which medium you use to express yourself, always strive to be yourself rather than someone else. Sometimes you’ll learn even more about who you are through the process.
- __Spend time alone__. To express yourself, you need to delve into your own personal story. Spend moments in quiet [reflection](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/reflective-thinking). Think about the things that make you come alive. The more self-awareness you obtain, the better you’ll be able to express yourself in a fulfilling way. 
- __Try different creative activities__. There are endless ways to express yourself. Whether it’s trying out for team sports or speaking in public for the first time, try new things. Make jokes about your own personality in a stand-up routine. Try out [problem-solving](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/creative-problem-solving) and strategy games with your friends. Learn to play an instrument. Write down your unabridged thoughts in a journal. 
- __Work with others__. Sometimes the best way to find your inner self is by partnering with other people engaged in similar pursuits. Spending time with like-minded creative friends can feel like your home away from home. You’ll find [validation](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/validation-in-relationships) among your peers that what you’re doing is worthwhile and important. Along the way, you’ll discover the likes, dislikes, and talents that make you *you*, while helping others find their true selves in the process.
Figuring out what you want to do next and how to get there? Learn how to embrace your passions with a [MasterClass Annual Membership](https://www.masterclass.com) and find the grit to take control of your life with exclusive access to video lessons taught by the world’s best, including Robin Arzón, Elaine Welteroth, Hillary Rodham Clinton, RuPaul, and more.
Self-expression can prove to be one of the greatest joys of your life. Whether through the arts or athletics, the kitchen or your career, doing what you love allows you to make a positive impact on the world and maximize your own personal sense of well-being. Learn more about the art of self-expression.

Self-expression can prove to be one of the greatest joys of your life. Whether through the arts or athletics, the kitchen or your career, doing what you love allows you to make a positive impact on the world and maximize your own personal sense of well-being. Learn more about the art of self-expression.

Self-Expression Examples and Tips: How to Express Yourself

Self-expression is the process of engaging in activities you believe exemplify your innermost thoughts, feelings, and desires. If you look in a thesaurus, synonyms for self-expression include concepts like <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-improve-creativity' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-improve-creativity","linkCopy":"creativity","category":null}'>creativity</a> or imagination. In its purest essence, self-expression is <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-self-awareness' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-self-awareness","linkCopy":"self-awareness","category":null}'>self-awareness</a> in action. As a unique individual, your own personal definition of self-expression might differ from just about everyone else’s. For one person, it might look like <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/joyce-carol-oates-on-the-importance-of-journaling' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/joyce-carol-oates-on-the-importance-of-journaling","linkCopy":"journaling","category":null}'>journaling</a> and singing along to their favorite songs. For another, it might look like making a meal from scratch and doing <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-stand-up-comedy-in-6-easy-steps' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-stand-up-comedy-in-6-easy-steps","linkCopy":"stand-up comedy","category":null}'>stand-up comedy</a> at a local open mic night. This is just one of the beauties of self-expression: It’s always individualized.

What Is Self-Expression?

The importance of self-expression lies in its ability to effect self-discovery. To know yourself, you need to try new things. As you express yourself through these activities, you will realize you have self-existent and innate talents you might have never discovered had you avoided getting out of your comfort zone. Additionally, if you don’t express yourself, it can take a major toll on your <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-mental-health' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-mental-health","linkCopy":"mental health","category":null}'>mental health</a> and sense of overall wellness.

Why Is Self-Expression Important?

There are limitless ways to express who you are. Here are just five key forms of self-expression you can consider:<ol class="mc-m-4"><li class="mc-my-4"> 1. Art: Whether you paint, sketch, or sculpt, art can be an amazing medium in which to express yourself. It’s one of the earliest means of self-expression known to humankind. Stretching back to the days of cave paintings, human beings have made making pictures of the world around them a formative part of their identities. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 2. Fashion: The clothes you wear can help express your inner self. People use their fashion sense to announce who they are and what they like. Think of how often you can guess the sort of music a person listens to just by the clothes they’re wearing. Fashion is one of the foremost forms of freedom of expression. Some people go one step further and begin designing their own clothes or embark on a career as a full-fledged <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-become-a-fashion-designer' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-become-a-fashion-designer","linkCopy":"fashion designer","category":null}'>fashion designer</a>. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 3. Music: Playing an instrument or singing is a great opportunity to express yourself. Songs allow people to wed poetry with melody, announcing who they are, what they believe, and what they’ve experienced. You don’t even have to learn how to play music to express yourself through it. By listening to your favorite bands and artists, you relate to their own self-expression and come to a better understanding of yourself, too. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 4. Theater: Whether you’re on Broadway in New York or on stage at your local community theater, theatrical performances can help you express yourself by taking on the role of another person. <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/samuel-l-jacksons-acting-tips' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/samuel-l-jacksons-acting-tips","linkCopy":"Acting","category":null}'>Acting</a> is the process of using your own experience to depict that of another human being—your own self informs the character. Other forms of <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/robin-robertss-tips-for-public-speaking' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/robin-robertss-tips-for-public-speaking","linkCopy":"public speaking","category":null}'>public speaking</a> and performance can help you build confidence and express yourself, too. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 5. Writing: Putting pen to paper or typing words on your screen will help you achieve a great deal of personal growth. Maybe you’ll find solace in writing <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-a-blog-post' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-a-blog-post","linkCopy":"blog posts","category":null}'>blog posts</a> about your everyday life. Perhaps you’ll enjoy writing <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/rules-for-writing-fiction' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/rules-for-writing-fiction","linkCopy":"fiction","category":null}'>fiction</a> or <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-a-poem' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-a-poem","linkCopy":"poetry","category":null}'>poetry</a>. Writing can be one of the best ways to express who you are. </li></ol>

5 Self-Expression Examples

Learning to express yourself will make your life richer and more fulfilling. Keep these tips in mind as you develop self-expression skills of your own:<ul class="mc-m-4 list-styled"><li class="">Develop self-confidence. As you learn to express yourself, you’ll also begin to build up your <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/self-esteem' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/self-esteem","linkCopy":"self-esteem","category":null}'>self-esteem</a>. The same proves true in reverse, too. Go against the grain and let go of societal expectations. Get out of your comfort zone and challenge yourself. </li><li class="">Say what you mean. Authentic self-expression requires honesty. No matter which medium you use to express yourself, always strive to be yourself rather than someone else. Sometimes you’ll learn even more about who you are through the process. </li><li class="">Spend time alone. To express yourself, you need to delve into your own personal story. Spend moments in quiet <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/reflective-thinking' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/reflective-thinking","linkCopy":"reflection","category":null}'>reflection</a>. Think about the things that make you come alive. The more self-awareness you obtain, the better you’ll be able to express yourself in a fulfilling way. </li><li class="">Try different creative activities. There are endless ways to express yourself. Whether it’s trying out for team sports or speaking in public for the first time, try new things. Make jokes about your own personality in a stand-up routine. Try out <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/creative-problem-solving' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/creative-problem-solving","linkCopy":"problem-solving","category":null}'>problem-solving</a> and strategy games with your friends. Learn to play an instrument. Write down your unabridged thoughts in a journal. </li><li class="">Work with others. Sometimes the best way to find your inner self is by partnering with other people engaged in similar pursuits. Spending time with like-minded creative friends can feel like your home away from home. You’ll find <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/validation-in-relationships' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/validation-in-relationships","linkCopy":"validation","category":null}'>validation</a> among your peers that what you’re doing is worthwhile and important. Along the way, you’ll discover the likes, dislikes, and talents that make you you, while helping others find their true selves in the process. </li></ul>

How to Express Yourself

Figuring out what you want to do next and how to get there? Learn how to embrace your passions with a <a href='https://www.masterclass.com' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com","linkCopy":"MasterClass Annual Membership","category":null}'>MasterClass Annual Membership</a> and find the grit to take control of your life with exclusive access to video lessons taught by the world’s best, including Robin Arzón, Elaine Welteroth, Hillary Rodham Clinton, RuPaul, and more.

You’re Worth It

Self-expression can prove to be one of the greatest joys of your life. Whether through the arts or athletics, the kitchen or your career, doing what you love allows you to make a positive impact on the world and maximize your own personal sense of well-being. Learn more about the art of self-expression.

Self-expression can prove to be one of the greatest joys of your life. Whether through the arts or athletics, the kitchen or your career, doing what you love allows you to make a positive impact on the world and maximize your own personal sense of well-being. Learn more about the art of self-expression.


Woman practicing self expression through painting.

self-expression

Sacred geometry refers to both basic and ornate shapes common throughout nature and spiritual symbolism. For example, in Hinduism, meditators use Sri Yantras and mandalas as objects of focus to further hone their aptitude for [mindfulness](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/mindfulness-explained). 

These geometric forms crop up in so many different locales and cultures throughout history, it begs the question of whether these structures lie at the deepest roots of the human psyche. Many exist on their own in nature as well, suggesting yet another possible layer of importance to the shapes.

As an example, consider the fact both the Mayas of Mesoamerica and the ancient Egyptians of Northern Africa built pyramids to honor their dead and perform religious rituals despite remaining unaware of one another’s existence. 
Sacred geometric patterns occur in a wide array of different scenarios. Here are just a few ways humans have applied or celebrated the shapes over the years:

- __Buildings of worship__: Certain churches, mosques, and synagogues rely on forms of sacred geometry for their basic architectural blueprints. For instance, in medieval Europe, builders constructed cathedrals using a cross as a template. This lent these houses of worship a deeper spiritual meaning. In addition, consider the similarities between two of the most impressive religious monuments in history: the Pyramid of the Sun in Mexico and the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt.
- __Classical art__: Painters, sculptors, and sketch artists have represented sacred geometry in their subject matter. [Leonardo da Vinci](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/leonardo-da-vinci-life-and-art)’s *Vitruvian Man* drawing showed how the human body itself obeyed the rules of these shapes. The [golden ratio](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/golden-ratio-explained) (also known as the golden mean or phi) is another sacred pattern artists have relied on to give their works a greater sense of symmetry and beauty.
- __Natural patterns__: Sacred geometric forms present themselves throughout the natural world as well. Sunflowers look like the flower of life symbol in three dimensions. Nautilus shells follow a [Fibonacci sequence](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/fibonacci-sequence-formula) according to the golden mean. Mystics believe this is even further <a href='https://masterclass.com/articles/baking-101-what-is-proofing-learn-how-to-proof-breads-and-other-baked-goods' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://masterclass.com/articles/baking-101-what-is-proofing-learn-how-to-proof-breads-and-other-baked-goods","linkCopy":"proof","category":"automated-link"}' automatic='true'>proof</a> these shapes lie at the heart of reality, conveying connection and mystery between all things.
- __Religious symbols__: Iconography of different traditions share sacred geometric patterns. For example, when you break down the vesica piscis (a set of overlapping circles) into smaller parts, it starts to resemble the fish symbol early Christians used to identify themselves.

![Sacred Geometry Symbols](//images.ctfassets.net/3s5io6mnxfqz/5SipABhgC3kLAw7zkXQAhM/51e983a79fbaa82a968ce80029752496/AdobeStock_389361010.jpeg)
Mystical patterns emerge in all different types of shapes. These are just a few of the most common sacred geometry symbols worth noting:

1. __The flower of life__: This ornate mandala builds on the seed of life symbol to create an interlocking set of patterns within one giant circle. Similar to the fruit of life icon, it symbolizes the connection between all forms of life. For some, it’s a pretty reminder of interdependence; for others, it represents the very foundation of existence itself.
2. __Metatron’s cube__: This geometric symbol’s name derives from the archangel Metatron, the alleged scribe of God in Judeo-Christian tradition. It includes multiple other sacred shapes, like the egg of life and the Platonic solids, to form an interpenetrating web of woven lines and circles.
3. __Platonic solids__: The Greek philosopher [Plato](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/plato-philosophy-explained) believed you could break down most of reality’s components into a series of geometric forms made of straight lines. These included the tetrahedron, hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron.
4. __The torus__: This sacred geometry shape looks like an ominous vortex or whirlpool. The spiraling circles conjure up the idea of energy revolving around itself, seeking ways to either raise or diminish its frequency. This concept plays into the Hindu idea of chakras, as well as the general premise you can improve yourself on a spiritual level until you reach true enlightenment.
5. __The tree of life__: This sacred geometrical pattern is formative to the study of Kabbalah, Judaism’s most mystical tradition. The tree of life symbol represents a path toward the individual’s journey into oneness with the Godhead itself. The Merkabah or Star of David is another of the most common Jewish sacred shapes.
Learn what it means to think like a philosopher with the [MasterClass Annual Membership](https://www.masterclass.com). Dr. Cornel West, one of the world’s most provocative intellects, will guide you through fundamental questions about what it means to be human and how to best love your community.
Since the days of Plato and Pythagoras, sacred geometry has spurred speculation and wonder. Skeptics insist finding these common patterns throughout nature, history, and different cultures is a matter of mere happenstance. In contrast, mystics and religious adherents of various traditions believe these shapes make up the building blocks of reality itself.

Since the days of Plato and Pythagoras, sacred geometry has spurred speculation and wonder. Skeptics insist finding these common patterns throughout nature, history, and different cultures is a matter of mere happenstance. In contrast, mystics and religious adherents of various traditions believe these shapes make up the building blocks of reality itself.

Sacred Geometry Definition: 5 Sacred Geometry Symbols

Sacred geometry refers to both basic and ornate shapes common throughout nature and spiritual symbolism. For example, in Hinduism, meditators use Sri Yantras and mandalas as objects of focus to further hone their aptitude for <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/mindfulness-explained' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/mindfulness-explained","linkCopy":"mindfulness","category":null}'>mindfulness</a>. These geometric forms crop up in so many different locales and cultures throughout history, it begs the question of whether these structures lie at the deepest roots of the human psyche. Many exist on their own in nature as well, suggesting yet another possible layer of importance to the shapes.As an example, consider the fact both the Mayas of Mesoamerica and the ancient Egyptians of Northern Africa built pyramids to honor their dead and perform religious rituals despite remaining unaware of one another’s existence.

What Is Sacred Geometry?

Sacred geometric patterns occur in a wide array of different scenarios. Here are just a few ways humans have applied or celebrated the shapes over the years:<ul class="mc-m-4 list-styled"><li class="">Buildings of worship: Certain churches, mosques, and synagogues rely on forms of sacred geometry for their basic architectural blueprints. For instance, in medieval Europe, builders constructed cathedrals using a cross as a template. This lent these houses of worship a deeper spiritual meaning. In addition, consider the similarities between two of the most impressive religious monuments in history: the Pyramid of the Sun in Mexico and the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt. </li><li class="">Classical art: Painters, sculptors, and sketch artists have represented sacred geometry in their subject matter. <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/leonardo-da-vinci-life-and-art' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/leonardo-da-vinci-life-and-art","linkCopy":"Leonardo da Vinci","category":null}'>Leonardo da Vinci</a>’s Vitruvian Man drawing showed how the human body itself obeyed the rules of these shapes. The <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/golden-ratio-explained' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/golden-ratio-explained","linkCopy":"golden ratio","category":null}'>golden ratio</a> (also known as the golden mean or phi) is another sacred pattern artists have relied on to give their works a greater sense of symmetry and beauty. </li><li class="">Natural patterns: Sacred geometric forms present themselves throughout the natural world as well. Sunflowers look like the flower of life symbol in three dimensions. Nautilus shells follow a <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/fibonacci-sequence-formula' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/fibonacci-sequence-formula","linkCopy":"Fibonacci sequence","category":null}'>Fibonacci sequence</a> according to the golden mean. Mystics believe this is even further <a href='https://masterclass.com/articles/baking-101-what-is-proofing-learn-how-to-proof-breads-and-other-baked-goods' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://masterclass.com/articles/baking-101-what-is-proofing-learn-how-to-proof-breads-and-other-baked-goods","linkCopy":"proof","category":"automated-link"}' automatic='true'>proof</a> these shapes lie at the heart of reality, conveying connection and mystery between all things. </li><li class="">Religious symbols: Iconography of different traditions share sacred geometric patterns. For example, when you break down the vesica piscis (a set of overlapping circles) into smaller parts, it starts to resemble the fish symbol early Christians used to identify themselves. </li></ul><img class="mc-mt-8" style='width: 100%;' src="//images.ctfassets.net/3s5io6mnxfqz/5SipABhgC3kLAw7zkXQAhM/51e983a79fbaa82a968ce80029752496/AdobeStock_389361010.jpeg" alt="Sacred Geometry Symbols" />

 Applications of Sacred Geometry

Mystical patterns emerge in all different types of shapes. These are just a few of the most common sacred geometry symbols worth noting:<ol class="mc-m-4"><li class="mc-my-4"> 1. The flower of life: This ornate mandala builds on the seed of life symbol to create an interlocking set of patterns within one giant circle. Similar to the fruit of life icon, it symbolizes the connection between all forms of life. For some, it’s a pretty reminder of interdependence; for others, it represents the very foundation of existence itself. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 2. Metatron’s cube: This geometric symbol’s name derives from the archangel Metatron, the alleged scribe of God in Judeo-Christian tradition. It includes multiple other sacred shapes, like the egg of life and the Platonic solids, to form an interpenetrating web of woven lines and circles. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 3. Platonic solids: The Greek philosopher <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/plato-philosophy-explained' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/plato-philosophy-explained","linkCopy":"Plato","category":null}'>Plato</a> believed you could break down most of reality’s components into a series of geometric forms made of straight lines. These included the tetrahedron, hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 4. The torus: This sacred geometry shape looks like an ominous vortex or whirlpool. The spiraling circles conjure up the idea of energy revolving around itself, seeking ways to either raise or diminish its frequency. This concept plays into the Hindu idea of chakras, as well as the general premise you can improve yourself on a spiritual level until you reach true enlightenment. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 5. The tree of life: This sacred geometrical pattern is formative to the study of Kabbalah, Judaism’s most mystical tradition. The tree of life symbol represents a path toward the individual’s journey into oneness with the Godhead itself. The Merkabah or Star of David is another of the most common Jewish sacred shapes. </li></ol>

5 Sacred Geometry Symbols and Their Meanings

Learn what it means to think like a philosopher with the <a href='https://www.masterclass.com' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com","linkCopy":"MasterClass Annual Membership","category":null}'>MasterClass Annual Membership</a>. Dr. Cornel West, one of the world’s most provocative intellects, will guide you through fundamental questions about what it means to be human and how to best love your community.

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Since the days of Plato and Pythagoras, sacred geometry has spurred speculation and wonder. Skeptics insist finding these common patterns throughout nature, history, and different cultures is a matter of mere happenstance. In contrast, mystics and religious adherents of various traditions believe these shapes make up the building blocks of reality itself.

Since the days of Plato and Pythagoras, sacred geometry has spurred speculation and wonder. Skeptics insist finding these common patterns throughout nature, history, and different cultures is a matter of mere happenstance. In contrast, mystics and religious adherents of various traditions believe these shapes make up the building blocks of reality itself.


Gold vector image of the flower of life from sacred geometry with a black background.

sacred-geometry

Tadao Ando is a Japanese architect who has won the Pritzker Architecture Prize and the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal, two of the highest honors an architect can win. Born in Osaka, Japan, Ando had no formal training in architecture but became inspired by the Frank Lloyd Wright–designed Imperial Hotel on a trip to Tokyo while in high school. After graduating, Ando took interior design and drawing classes and visited buildings by renowned architects such as Le Corbusier and Louis Kahn. He opened his own firm in Osaka, Tadao Ando Architects and Associates, in 1968.
Tadao Ando’s minimalist style has shaped Japanese architecture and the world. 

- __Influence__: A leader in modern architecture, Ando’s works have drawn heavily from Japanese religion and culture. He has designed several Japanese churches, including Church on the Water (1988) in Tomamu, Hokkaido, and Church of the Light (1989) in Ibaraki, Osaka. The latter is one of Ando’s most famous works. A concrete wall in the church features two thin slits running horizontally and vertically to create a cross, letting light stream in and making the cross glow.
- __Global reach__: Ando made a name for himself after designing dozens of buildings in Japan in the 1970s and 1980s. In the 1990s and 2000s, he started working abroad, designing works across Europe (Spain, Germany, Italy, and France) and the United States (Chicago; New York; Williamstown, Massachusetts; and St. Louis, Missouri).
- __Famous buildings__: Ando’s architecture has spanned museums, churches, condominiums, and personal residences. Some of his more well-known works in the United States include the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth (2002) in Texas; Morimoto (2005), a now-closed sushi restaurant in New York City; and the New Mexico house and stable for fashion designer Tom Ford’s ranch (2009).
Characteristics of Ando’s artworks include the following:

1. __Critical regionalism__: Architectural critics classify Ando’s work as “critical regionalism,” a term describing modern architecture that lacks the bland identity of the [International Style](https://www.masterclass.com/articles/modern-architecture) and rejects the whimsical ornamentation of postmodern architecture. Because of his ties to Japanese culture, Ando’s works fit squarely into this identity; his sense of home influences his works.
2. __Concrete walls__: Many of Ando’s structures—including Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of Art (2002) in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, and the personal residence Azuma House (1976), also known as the Row House in Sumiyoshi—incorporate enormous slabs of concrete for walkways and walls. The Shinmonzen Hotel (2021) in Kyoto resembles a traditional Japanese wooden townhouse, but the interior features vertical slats of wood and sleek concrete.
3. __Simplicity__: Ando’s architectural style focuses on zen and finding simplicity in inner feeling. His works—such as Water Temple (1991) on Awaji Island in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan—are not ostentatious. Instead, their plainness and smooth surfaces invite visitors in and make them feel at ease.
Some of Ando’s well-known buildings include:

1. __Rokko Housing I, II, III (various years)__: Ando’s work on three housing projects built in the Rokko region of Japan started in the 1980s and continued into the 1990s. Rokko Housing is an ambitious project built on a steep incline, taking advantage of the beautiful vistas and playing with the light and darkness the trees of the terrain afford.
2. __Meditation Space (1995)__: This building materialized at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris to celebrate the institution’s fiftieth anniversary. Ando designed the space to give visitors from all over the world, regardless of race or religion, a place to come and find peace.
3. __Chichu Art Museum (2004)__: Built directly into a southern portion of the island of Naoshima, this structure operates as a subterranean museum. The Chichu Art Museum offers the opportunity to rethink the relationship between nature and people.
4. __Punta della Dogana (2009)__: One of Venice's old customs buildings, constructed in the 1600s, houses an art museum. In 2008, a French billionaire commissioned Ando to restore the building with new floors made of exposed and polished concrete.
Get the [MasterClass Annual Membership](https://www.masterclass.com/) for exclusive access to video lessons taught by the world’s best, including Frank Gehry, Will Wright, Annie Leibovitz, Kelly Wearstler, Ron Finley, and more.
Japanese architect Tadao Ando, known for his simplicity and use of natural light in his designs, takes a minimalist approach to his craft.

Japanese architect Tadao Ando, known for his simplicity and use of natural light in his designs, takes a minimalist approach to his craft.

Tadao Ando Architecture: 4 Tadao Ando Buildings

Tadao Ando is a Japanese architect who has won the Pritzker Architecture Prize and the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal, two of the highest honors an architect can win. Born in Osaka, Japan, Ando had no formal training in architecture but became inspired by the Frank Lloyd Wright–designed Imperial Hotel on a trip to Tokyo while in high school. After graduating, Ando took interior design and drawing classes and visited buildings by renowned architects such as Le Corbusier and Louis Kahn. He opened his own firm in Osaka, Tadao Ando Architects and Associates, in 1968.

Who Is Tadao Ando?

Tadao Ando’s minimalist style has shaped Japanese architecture and the world. <ul class="mc-m-4 list-styled"><li class="">Influence: A leader in modern architecture, Ando’s works have drawn heavily from Japanese religion and culture. He has designed several Japanese churches, including Church on the Water (1988) in Tomamu, Hokkaido, and Church of the Light (1989) in Ibaraki, Osaka. The latter is one of Ando’s most famous works. A concrete wall in the church features two thin slits running horizontally and vertically to create a cross, letting light stream in and making the cross glow. </li><li class="">Global reach: Ando made a name for himself after designing dozens of buildings in Japan in the 1970s and 1980s. In the 1990s and 2000s, he started working abroad, designing works across Europe (Spain, Germany, Italy, and France) and the United States (Chicago; New York; Williamstown, Massachusetts; and St. Louis, Missouri). </li><li class="">Famous buildings: Ando’s architecture has spanned museums, churches, condominiums, and personal residences. Some of his more well-known works in the United States include the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth (2002) in Texas; Morimoto (2005), a now-closed sushi restaurant in New York City; and the New Mexico house and stable for fashion designer Tom Ford’s ranch (2009). </li></ul>

A Brief Career Overview of Tadao Ando

Characteristics of Ando’s artworks include the following:<ol class="mc-m-4"><li class="mc-my-4"> 1. Critical regionalism: Architectural critics classify Ando’s work as “critical regionalism,” a term describing modern architecture that lacks the bland identity of the <a href='https://www.masterclass.com/articles/modern-architecture' target='_blank' class='mc-text--link' data-mc-segment-trigger='true' data-mc-segment-event-type='Article Page Click' data-event-obj='{"textTag":"p","href":"https://www.masterclass.com/articles/modern-architecture","linkCopy":"International Style","category":null}'>International Style</a> and rejects the whimsical ornamentation of postmodern architecture. Because of his ties to Japanese culture, Ando’s works fit squarely into this identity; his sense of home influences his works. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 2. Concrete walls: Many of Ando’s structures—including Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of Art (2002) in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, and the personal residence Azuma House (1976), also known as the Row House in Sumiyoshi—incorporate enormous slabs of concrete for walkways and walls. The Shinmonzen Hotel (2021) in Kyoto resembles a traditional Japanese wooden townhouse, but the interior features vertical slats of wood and sleek concrete. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 3. Simplicity: Ando’s architectural style focuses on zen and finding simplicity in inner feeling. His works—such as Water Temple (1991) on Awaji Island in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan—are not ostentatious. Instead, their plainness and smooth surfaces invite visitors in and make them feel at ease. </li></ol>

3 Characteristics of Tadao Ando Architecture

Some of Ando’s well-known buildings include:<ol class="mc-m-4"><li class="mc-my-4"> 1. Rokko Housing I, II, III (various years): Ando’s work on three housing projects built in the Rokko region of Japan started in the 1980s and continued into the 1990s. Rokko Housing is an ambitious project built on a steep incline, taking advantage of the beautiful vistas and playing with the light and darkness the trees of the terrain afford. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 2. Meditation Space (1995): This building materialized at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris to celebrate the institution’s fiftieth anniversary. Ando designed the space to give visitors from all over the world, regardless of race or religion, a place to come and find peace. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 3. Chichu Art Museum (2004): Built directly into a southern portion of the island of Naoshima, this structure operates as a subterranean museum. The Chichu Art Museum offers the opportunity to rethink the relationship between nature and people. </li><li class="mc-my-4"> 4. Punta della Dogana (2009): One of Venice&#39;s old customs buildings, constructed in the 1600s, houses an art museum. In 2008, a French billionaire commissioned Ando to restore the building with new floors made of exposed and polished concrete. </li></ol>

4 Tadao Ando Buildings

Japanese architect Tadao Ando, known for his simplicity and use of natural light in his designs, takes a minimalist approach to his craft.

Japanese architect Tadao Ando, known for his simplicity and use of natural light in his designs, takes a minimalist approach to his craft.


Close up of illuminated cross in the Ibaraki Kasugaoka Church, designed by architect Tadao Ando.

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